Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2004) - Svalbard (2002)

Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2004) z Svalbard (2002)

	Micronesia, Federated States of (2004)	Svalbard (2002)

Administrative divisions	4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 37.7% (male 20,830; female 19,993) 15-64 years: 59.2% (male 32,055; female 31,927) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 1,505; female 1,845) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens	-
Airports	6 (2003 est.)	4 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 702 sq km land: 702 sq km water: 0 sq km (fresh water only) note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)	total: 62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative	four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)	slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background	In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the US, which was amended and renewed in 2003. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid.	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate	25.8 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $161 million ($69 million less grants) expenditures: $160 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)	revenues: $11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) (1998 est.)
Capital	Palikir	Longyearbyen
Climate	tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline	6,112 km	3,587 km
Constitution	10 May 1979	-
Country name	conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia conventional short form: none former: Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) abbreviation: FSM	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency	US dollar (USD)	Norwegian krone (NOK)
Death rate	4.97 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$53.1 million (FY02/03 est.)	-
Dependency status	-	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Suzanne K. HALE embassy: 101 Upper Pics Road, Kolonia mailing address: P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia 96941 telephone: [691] 320-2187 FAX: [691] 320-2186	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU chancery: 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 223-4383 FAX: [1] (202) 223-4391 consulate(s) general: Honolulu and Tamuning (Guam)	-
Disputes - international	none	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient	under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview	Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remote location, a lack of adequate facilities, and limited air connections hinder development. In November 2002, the country experienced a further reduction in future revenues from the Compact of Free Association - the agreement with the US in which Micronesia received $1.3 billion in financial and technical assistance over a 15-year period until 2001. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile due not only to the reduction in US assistance but also to the slow growth of the private sector. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure remain major impediments to long-term growth.	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	NA kWh
Electricity - production	NA kWh	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues	overfishing, climate change, pollution	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates	the US dollar is used	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.9684 (January 2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION (11 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION (11 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators at large for four-year terms; election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held NA May 2007); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed election results: Joseph J. URUSEMAL elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports	$22 million (f.o.b.) (FY99/00 est.)	$NA
Exports - commodities	fish, garments, bananas, black pepper	-
Exports - partners	Japan, US, Guam (2000)	-
Fiscal year	1 October - 30 September	-
Flag description	light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern	the flag of Norway is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $277 million note: GDP is supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 50% industry: 4% services: 46% (2000 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,000 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate	1% (2002 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	6 55 N, 158 15 E	78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note	four major island groups totaling 607 islands	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Highways	total: 240 km paved: 42 km unpaved: 198 km (1999 est.)	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$149 million f.o.b. (FY99/00 est.)	$NA
Imports - commodities	food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages	-
Imports - partners	US, Australia, Japan (2000)	-
Independence	3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)	none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	NA%
Industries	tourism, construction, fish processing, specialized aquaculture, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 31.28 deaths/1,000 live births male: 34.45 deaths/1,000 live births female: 27.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (2002 est.)	NA%
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO	none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	-
Labor force	NA (2000 est.)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	two-thirds are government employees	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 45.71% other: 48.58% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi	Russian, Norwegian
Legal system	based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws	NA
Legislative branch	unicameral Congress (14 seats; four - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms; members elected by popular vote) elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 4 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007); elections for two-year term seats last held 4 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 14	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 69.44 years male: 67.68 years female: 71.29 years (2004 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89% male: 91% female: 88% (1980 est.)	NA
Location	Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references	Oceania	Arctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia territorial sea: 4 NM
Merchant marine	none (2004 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the US; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense	demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
National holiday	Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)	NA
Nationality	noun: Micronesian(s) adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese	-
Natural hazards	typhoons (June to December)	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources	forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals	coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate	-20.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders	no formal parties	-
Population	108,155 (July 2004 est.)	2,868 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	26.7%	NA%
Population growth rate	-0.02% (2004 est.)	-1.99% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei), Lele, Moen	Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Radio broadcast stations	AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	NA
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%	-
Sex ratio	1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate system domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, and some coaxial and fiber-optic cable; cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap international: country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use	10,100 (2001)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	1,800 (2002)	NA
Television broadcast stations	3; note - cable TV also available (2004)	NA
Terrain	islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate	3.37 children born/woman (2004 est.)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	16% (1999 est.)	-
Waterways	-	none

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